The transition of Japan towards a cashless society has sparked calls from the Bank of Japan (BOJ) for innovative strides in the payment landscape. The rapid advancements in digital currencies, which could potentially speed up the nation’s shift from cash to cashless transactions, have the BOJ on alert.
Despite the prevalent “cash is king” ideology, Japan reported a rise in cashless payment ratio to 42.8% in 2024, a significant jump from 13.2% in 2010. This exceeded the government’s 40% target a year ahead of schedule, as revealed by government data.
Japan’s lag in payment technology globally makes this increased cashless orientation a wake-up call for policymakers. It has initiated discussions on the potential of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDB). The BOJ started a pilot program for a CBDC in 2023, and has been engaging with private firms and government on its design and framework.
BOJ Executive Director Kazushige Kamiyama expressed his concerns over the potential dip in banknote usage due to rapid digitalization. He emphasized the importance of an efficient, universally accessible, resilient and convenient retail settlement system.
According to BOJ Deputy Governor Shinichi Uchida, a CBDC could play a pivotal role in shaping Japan’s future payment and settlement systems. However, he dismissed the notion of cash disappearing from Japan anytime soon.
In a hypothetical scenario where crypto assets overshadow the yen as Japan’s primary payment mode, Uchida stressed that the public’s faith in BOJ’s ability to maintain the yen’s value is crucial. He warned that the central bank’s currency may not remain the generally acceptable payment instrument with advancements in digitalization.
The spotlight is back on CBDCs following former U.S. President Donald Trump’s executive order in January banning the Federal Reserve from issuing a digital dollar. This move appears to be a bid to boost cryptocurrencies and stablecoins.
With the rising popularity of stablecoins, currencies backed by hard currency, and potential threats to the U.S. dollar’s dominance, central banks are under pressure to contemplate issuing their own digital currencies. The European Central Bank is advocating for a digital euro in response to Trump’s push for stablecoins.
China is leading the race with its ambition to globalize the yuan, with digital yuan transactions tripling between June 2023 and June 2024.
